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COMMERCE OBJ:
1-10: BCCBDACCAB
11-20: DDCDCADBDA
21-30: ACCBDDBDBD
31-40: DDDACACABB
41-50: CCDBBBCDAA
1a)
E-commerce ( electronic
commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of
goods and services, or the transmitting of
funds or data, over an electronic network,
primarily the internet.
1b)
Advantages
-The biggest advantage of
privatization is that once a
privatization is done completely
there is no interference from
political leaders and also one does
not need to do undue favor to them
which in itself is a big boost when it
comes to doing business and
increasing profitability.
-It increases the overall efficiency
and reduces the bureaucratic
culture which is the main culprit
because typically in government
organizations work happens at its
own leisurely pace which results in
delay in decision making and
therefore reduces the effectiveness
and competence of public sector
enterprise.
-As far government is concerned it
has also benefits from doing
privatization because majority of
governments all over the world has
fiscal deficit and by doing
privatization government can reduce
fiscal deficit to an extent, however
full control is possible only when
government control its unnecessary
expenditures.
Disadvantages
-Private companies do not care
about the society and their main
motive is to earn profits, which is
with contrast to government
companies which keeps doing social
work and therefore if privatization
happens it will result in fewer funds
for society because private
companies have no obligation to do
social work.
-Privatization also affects the
employees because in private sector
enterprises there is emphasis on
performance which indirectly results
in work pressure and meeting
deadlines or targets and individuals
who have been doing work for years
without much pressure find it
difficult to adjust to new setting and
many end up resigning from their
service.
- In privatization there is a risk that it
may take decisions of starting a
project which results in short term
benefits but may not good for long
term.
2a)
Communication is simply the act of
transferring information from one place to
another.
2b)
i) Postal Services
ii) Telegraph Services
iii) Courier Services:
iv) Telecommunications
v) Internet Service
vi) Radio and Television
7 a )
standing order is an instruction to a bank by an account holder to make regular fixed payments to a particular person or organization .
7 b )
bank draft is a payment on behalf of a payer that is guaranteed by the issuing bank . A draft ensures the payee a secure form of payment .
7 c )
Legal tender is a medium of payment recognized by a legal system to be
valid for meeting a financial obligation .
7 d )
Money orders are a secure payment
method . They are convenient , affordable,
and widely accepted . Money orders are a
good way to send cash that never
expires .
7 e )
I . O . U is usually an informal document acknowledging debt . An IOU differs from a promissory note in that an IOU is not a negotiable instrument and does not specify repayment terms
such as the time of repayment.
8. (C. O. D) Cash on delivery
(C. I. F) Cost, insurance and freight
(F. O. B) FREE ON BOARD using any paper documents .
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